Forward osmosis is also called osmosis, it refers to water or other Ωsolvent separated from natural or man-made, transfer from low to hi"gh solute concentration side side solute concentrationπ, and it is a physical phenomenon widely exists in the nature.
Forward osmosis (Forward osmosis FO) technology is a new membrane concentration deve$loped in recent years, driven by the separation technology, it relies on the sel'ective permeation osmosis membrane on both sides of the differential ₩pressure as the driving force to achieve the spontaneous water transfer membrane separatioφn process, and it is one of the hot spots in the present world in the§ field of membrane separation.
The forward osmosis process does not require additional pressure, and the wa<ter molecules can be extracted from the raw water side of the low osmot£ic pressure through the semi permeable membrane, moreover, the otheλr solutes in the raw water are retained, and then other proces★ses are used to separate the water from the diluted σliquid. Finally, pure water is obtained, and the liquid can be recycle☆d. The driving force of the flow of water molecules from low concentration side to high concentrati±on is the difference of osmotic pressure on both sides of the semi perme•able membrane.
The forward osmosis membrane is usually made up of the activation layer and support laye∞r. When the raw water flows through the side of the activation layer, the osmotic pressure is≥ much higher than that of the raw water, and it flows through the side of the support layer of the∏ forward osmosis membrane. The water molecules spontane$ously flow from the raw water side by side and draw on the liquid ≥side, because the positive osmosis membrane has the interception effect on the salt and other pollutants in raw water, the solute in raw water is condensed, while the leaching solution is diluted by water molecules in the forward osmosis membrane.
Ammonia and carbon dioxide gas mixture has high solubility in water. The resulting liquid can gene>rate huge osmotic pressure driving force to permeate the water mo€lecules through the membrane, even though the total d™issolved solids (TDS) of the raw water with high salinity is as high as 2000∑00 mg/L. The diluted solution can be recycled by heating and decomposing the solute, and t he energy needed to decompose the solute in the solution is lower than that of the late"nt heat of water evaporation.
After decomposition, ammonia and carbon dioxide gas are reclaimed thr→ough condensation, and then dissolved into the extraction solution for reuse. The☆ water dissolved is a relatively pure water production after< ammonia and carbon dioxide is removed.
The technology of forward osmosis membrane is derived from the reverse osmosis technology, compared with the reverse osmosis technology, the positive osmosis∞ technology has unique advantages:
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The unique drive system does not require external pressu"re to push the separation process, and the energy consumption is low;
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The material itself is hydrophilic, without the push of pressure, which can effectively prevent membrane fouling;
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In the process of desalting, the recovery rate is high, no concentrated brine is di♣scharged, and zero discharge is realized. It is an environmentally friendly technology.
Until now, forward osmotic technology has not only been ™applied in the field of seawater desalination, but also↓ has been applied to the fields of water purification, waste-w♦ater treatment, food and medicine.
Forward penetration test equipment is mainly used for experimental research and teaching demonstration of forward osmosis. It can also be usedσ for seawater desalination,
Treatment of high salt waste water, High COD waste water treatment, treatment of ammon✘ia waste liquid, concentration of sludge digestion liquid and treatment of Landfill Leachate, e'tc..
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